Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-first ranking of the peptides marketed for mitochondrial dysfunction — elamipretide (SS-31), MOTS-c, humanin and the SHLP family. Only one has any human bioenergetic data, and even that was acute and reversible.
Energy, Cognition & Mood12 MIN READ
Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-first review of the peptides marketed for long COVID (PASC) fatigue — thymosin alpha-1, elamipretide (SS-31), aviptadil and BPC-157. The blunt headline: no peptide has a positive long-COVID trial.
Energy, Cognition & Mood12 MIN READ
Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-first review of the peptides marketed for fatigue and low energy — elamipretide (SS-31), thymosin alpha-1, MOTS-c, CJC-1295 and ipamorelin. The blunt headline: no peptide has a positive fatigue RCT in healthy people.
Energy, Cognition & Mood12 MIN READ
Injuries & OrthopedicsAn evidence-graded review of the peptides marketed for endurance and aerobic performance — elamipretide (SS-31), MOTS-c and AOD-9604. The honest 2026 verdict: no peptide is proven to raise VO₂max or race performance in healthy humans, the category is preclinical-dominant, and MOTS-c is WADA-banned at all times.
Injuries & Orthopedics13 MIN READ
Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-first look at the peptides marketed for ME/CFS — thymosin alpha-1, elamipretide (SS-31), MOTS-c and cerebrolysin. The honest headline: no peptide has a completed CFS efficacy trial.
Energy, Cognition & Mood12 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on SS-31 / elamipretide (Forzinity) — the cardiolipin-binding, mitochondria-targeted tetrapeptide. First FDA-approved for Barth syndrome in 2025, yet negative on every other large trial's primary endpoint.
Peptide Encyclopedia12 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on SS-20 — the Szeto-Schiller mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that protects mitochondria without antioxidant chemistry. Deep preclinical data, no human trials, and unapproved research-only status in 2026.
Peptide Encyclopedia10 MIN READ