Energy, Cognition & MoodA clinical, evidence-graded ranking of the peptides marketed for neuroprotection — Cerebrolysin, Semax, ARA-290, SS-31/elamipretide and P021 — separating a modest, mixed human signal from elegant but preclinical-only mechanism.
Energy, Cognition & Mood14 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on Semax — the Russian-developed ACTH(4-10) heptapeptide used intranasally for stroke recovery and cognition. Real but single-country human data, graded B, with an unsettled 2026 FDA status.
Peptide Encyclopedia11 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on N-Acetyl Semax Amidate — the terminally-stabilized analog of the Russian nootropic Semax. No human or animal data on the modified molecule, an unproven potency story, and an unsettled 2026 legal status.
Peptide Encyclopedia11 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on humanin — the first mitochondrial-derived peptide. Deep preclinical cytoprotection data, intriguing human biomarker correlations, zero interventional human trials, and a real tumor-promotion caveat.
Peptide Encyclopedia12 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on SS-20 — the Szeto-Schiller mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that protects mitochondria without antioxidant chemistry. Deep preclinical data, no human trials, and unapproved research-only status in 2026.
Peptide Encyclopedia10 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on FGL (FGLL) — the NCAM-derived FGFR1 agonist peptide marketed for memory and neuroprotection. Deep rodent data, one single-dose human safety study, and zero efficacy proof in people.
Peptide Encyclopedia11 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg / EDR), the Khavinson ultrashort neuroprotective tripeptide. Reproducible preclinical antioxidant data, no human RCT, and an unapproved 2026 legal status.
Peptide Encyclopedia10 MIN READ
Peptide EncyclopediaA clinical monograph on Cortagen (Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro) — the Khavinson-program 'cytogen' tetrapeptide marketed for nerve repair and neuroprotection. One intriguing rat nerve-regeneration signal, no human RCTs, and an unapproved-research-chemical legal status.
Peptide Encyclopedia10 MIN READ